ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the pathological changes of placenta in pregnant women with aortic dissection/aneurysm and their relationship with clinical features. Methods: The placental samples of 14 pregnant women with aortic dissection/aneurysm diagnosed from January 2012 to October 2021 and 10 normal placental samples of pregnant women from January 2021 to December 2021 at Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China were selected. Routine H&E staining and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the histological features under light microscope. The clinical data were also analyzed. Results: The age of 14 pregnant patients with aortic dissection/aneurysm for placental examination ranged from 22 to 38 years (median, 28 years). The gestational ages ranged from 22 to 39 weeks (median, 34 weeks). The pregnancy of second trimester was noted in 2 cases, and the third trimester in 12 cases. All cases were singleton pregnancy. Seven cases were Stanford type A aortic dissection, 6 cases were Stanford type B aortic dissection, and one case was aortic root aneurysm. Four of the pregnant women underwent aortic dissection surgery after caesarean section, three underwent caesarean section after aortic dissection surgery, and seven underwent both caesarean section and aortic dissection procedures. Among the newborns, 2 cases were full-term birth, and 12 cases were premature birth. Twelve cases had alive newborns, and 2 cases stillbirths. Fetal/placental weight ratio (FPR)<10th percentile was in 5 cases and FPR>90th percentile in one case. Compared with the normal group, accelerated villus maturation and distal villus dysplasia were more frequently found in pregnancy with aortic dissection group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in villi infarction and decidua vascular lesions between the two groups (P>0.05), nor was there correlation between the type of aortic dissection and distal villus dysplasia and accelerated villus maturation of placentas (P>0.05). The number of villous interstitial blood vessels in the placentas of pregnancy with aortic dissection group was significantly fewer than that in the normal control group (P<0.01). Conclusions: There are considerable pathological changes in the placentas of pregnant women with aortic dissection/aneurysm. The main histological features are accelerated villus maturation and distal villus dysplasia, which are manifestations of villous ischemia and hypoxia, and also a part of the placental pathological manifestations of maternal vascular dysperfusion.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Female , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Infant , Young Adult , Adult , Placenta/pathology , Cesarean Section , Aortic Dissection/surgery , Gestational Age , Aortic Aneurysm/pathologyABSTRACT
In recent years, laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery have been widely used, and various intraoperative image navigation systems have also developed rapidly. However, the liver itself has a complex vessel and duct system, which increase the difficulty of liver surgery. The augmented reality image navigation system combines the three-dimensional reconstructed image of the liver with the real liver anatomy, which presents the specific relationship between the tumor location and the surrounding vessels for the surgeon. Compared with other intraoperative image navigation methods, augmented reality has its unique advantages. This paper provides an overview of current advances in registration technology in augmented reality image navigation system, and focuses on its applications in liver surgery, including laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery. Finally, the technological problems and difficulties still faced at present are summarized, and future directions worth studying in this field are proposed.
ABSTRACT
In order to reveal the molecular mechanism of the small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) involved in stress resistance and active ingredients accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza, a small heat shock protein gene was cloned from Salvia miltiorrhiza by reverse transcription PCR according to the transcriptome data of orange root Salvia miltiorrhiza. The gene is named SmHSP21.8 based on the molecular weight of the protein, and it contains an open reading frame of 585 bp, which encodes 194 amino acids. The results of phylogenetic analysis and amino acid sequence alignment showed that SmHSP21.8 protein belongs to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) subfamily, and contains a conserved endoplasmic reticulum-specific DPFR-I/V-LE-H/Q-x-P motif at N-terminus. The prokaryotic expression vector pMAL-c2X-SmHSP21.8 was constructed and transformed into E. coli BL21 competent cells. The recombinant protein was successfully expressed after inducted. Temporal and spatial expression analysis showed that SmHSP21.8 gene was the highest expressed in flowers and had significant tissue specificity. The relative expression of the gene was significantly increased in seedlings after induction by 38 ℃, PEG6000, abscisic acid(ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indicating that SmHSP21.8 gene may be involved in abiotic stress such as high temperature and drought, as well as the response to exogenous hormones ABA and IAA. These results lay the foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of small heat shock proteins involved in adversity stress.
ABSTRACT
Syringa oblata is a traditional Mongolian medicine mainly distributed in the Helan Mountains (the boundaries of Inner Mongolia and Ningxia, China) and the north of Yan Mountains (Aohan Qi, Inner Mongolia, China). It is clinically used to treat diseases caused by Heyi, such as heartache and heat pathogen in the heart. Phytochemical studies on S. oblata revealed the presence of iridoids, lignans, triterpenes, phenylpropanoids, phenylethanoids, and volatile components. Pharmacological investigations revealed a broad spectrum of bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and hepatoprotective effects. This article summarized the chemical components and pharmacological activities of S. oblata, providing a scientific rationale for its bioactive constituents, quality control, and utilization as an important medicine.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the feasibility of needling the Belt Vessel (BV) for low back pain. Methods: The relevant literature was systematically reviewed; the relationship between the BV and low back pain was illustrated; the clinical features of BV-related low back pain as well as the key points of acupoint selection in treatment were summarized, and the efficacy of needling the BV for treating low back pain was observed. Results: The BV is closely related to low back pain. The main clinical manifestations of BV-related low back pain include sagging distension in the low back, enlarged abdomen, and pain radiating to the groin. The main acupoints for treating low back pain via needling the BV include Mingmen (GV4), Wushu (GB27) and Ashi points near the transverse process of the third lumbar spine. Needling the BV can swiftly and effectively relieve both the low back pain and associated symptoms. Conclusion: Needling the BV can effectively alleviate the typical BV-related low back pain.
ABSTRACT
Purpose@#Gastric cancer (GC) has high morbidity and mortality and is a serious threat to public health. The flavonoid compound vitexin is known to exhibit anti-tumor activity. In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential of vitexin in GC and its underlying mechanism. @*Materials and Methods@#The viability, migration, and invasion of GC cells were determined using MTT, scratch wound healing, and transwell assays, respectively. Target molecule expression was determined by western blotting. Tumor growth and liver metastasis were evaluated in vivo using nude mice. Protein expression in the tumor tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry. @*Results@#Vitexin inhibited GC cell viability, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a dose-dependent manner. Vitexin treatment led to the inactivation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway by repressing HMGB1 expression. Vitexin-mediated inhibition in proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of GC cells were counteracted by hyper-activation of PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway or HMGB1 overexpression. Finally, vitexin inhibited the xenograft tumor growth and liver metastasis in vivo by suppressing HMGB1 expression. @*Conclusions@#Vitexin inhibited the malignant progression of GC in vitro and in vivo by suppressing HMGB1-mediated activation of PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway. Thus, vitexin may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of GC.
ABSTRACT
@#[摘 要] 目的：探究瑞戈非尼（regorafenib，Rego）对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及其可能的机制。方法：将SMMC-7721细胞分为对照组及Rego组，分别用0、10 μmol/L Rego处理48 h后，流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡率，qPCR检测细胞中miR-122的表达。采用脂质体转染的方法将合成的hsa-miR-122-5p模拟物转染SMMC-7721细胞构建miR-122过表达的overExp-miR-122细胞，并将细胞分为对照组、Rego组、overExp-NC组、overExp-NC+Rego组、overExp-miR-122组及overExp-miR-122+Rego组，采用MTT法检测细胞活性，流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率、WB法检测细胞中Bcl2、cleaved caspase-3、RAS、RAF1、p-ERK1蛋白表达水平。结果：与对照组相比，Rego处理后细胞凋亡率显著升高（P<0.05），且miR-122表达量显著上升（P<0.01）；与overExp-NC组比较，overExp-miR-122组细胞增殖抑制率、凋亡率和cleaved caspase-3表达均显著升高（均P<0.01），RAS蛋白表达显著下降（P<0.05），Bcl2、RAF、p-ERK1蛋白表达均显著下降（均P<0.01）；与overExp-miR-122组相比，overExp-miR-122+Rego组细胞中各检测指标变化进一步显著增加（P<0.01）。结论：Rego可抑制SMMC-7721细胞增殖、促进凋亡，其作用可能与调控miR-122、凋亡相关因子的表达和抑制RAS/RAF/ERK信号通路有关。
ABSTRACT
Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have emerged as an important source of stem cells in the tissue engineering, and hypoxia will change various innate characteristics of DPSCs and then affect dental tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, little is known about the complicated molecular mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence and mechanism of miR-140-3p on DPSCs under hypoxia condition. Hypoxia was induced in DPSCs by Cobalt chloride (CoCl
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Differentiation , Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase , Hypoxia , Methyltransferases , MicroRNAsABSTRACT
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) is the first rate-limiting enzyme of terpenoid biosynthesis in the mevalonic acid pathway (MVA) pathway. It is an important regulatory site in terpenoids metabolism pathway in the cytoplasm. According to the transcriptome database of Cinnamomum camphora, two HMGRs named CcHMGR1 (GenBank: MN163055) and CcHMGR2 (GenBank: MN163056) were cloned by cDNA from C. camphora. The ORF of CcHMGR1 and CcHMGR2 is composed of 1 689 bp and 1 683 bp, respectively, encoding 562 and 560 amino acids. The bioinformatics analysis of CcHMGR1 and CcHMGR2 indicated that the molecular weight of the encoded protein is 59.819 kDa and 59.397 kDa, with a theoretically isoelectric point of 8.20 and 8.61, respectively. There are 2 transmembrane structures without signal peptide existing in the encoded amino acid of CcHMGRs. The analysis of sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree showed that theCcHMGRs belonged to the HMGR family. The camphor is divided into five chemitypes, according to the main chemical compoundsin C. camphora. The results of the real time PCR indicated that the expression level of CcHMGRs in Cineol type was higher than that in Linalool type, iso-nerolidol type, Camphor type and Borneol type. CcHMGRs expressed highest in roots and lowest in branches. In this study, the cDNA full length of CcHMGRs were cloned from C. camphora for the first time. Our results revealed that the expression level of CcHMGRs were different among five chemical types and different plant tissues, and the research provides foundation for further study of the terpenoids biosynthetic pathway in C. camphora.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE@#To investigate whether dexmedetomidine (Dex) can reduce the production of inflammatory factor IL-1β by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in hippocampal microglia, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response of the central nervous system induced by surgical injury.@*METHODS@#Exploratory laparotomy was used in experimental models in this study. Totally 48 Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 12 for each), respectively sham control (group A), laparotomy only (group B); and Dex treatment with different doses of 5 μg/kg (group D1) or 10 μg/kg (group D2). Rats in groups D1 and D2 were intraperitoneally injected with corresponding doses of Dex every 6 h. The rats were sacrificed 12 h after operation; the hippocampus tissues were isolated, and frozen sections were made. The microglia activation was estimated by immunohistochemistry. The protein expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC and IL-1β were detected by immunoblotting. All data were presented as mean ± standard deviation, and independent sample t test was used to analyze the statistical difference between groups.@*RESULTS@#The activated microglia in the hippocampus of the rats significantly increased after laparotomy (group B vs. sham control, p < 0.01). After Dex treatment, the number was decreased in a dose-dependent way (group D1 vs. D2, p < 0.05), however the activated microglia in both groups were still higher than that of sham controls (both p < 0.05). Further Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC and downstream cytokine IL-1β in the hippocampus from the laparotomy group were significantly higher than those of the sham control group (all p < 0.01). The elevated expression of these proteins was relieved after Dex treatment, also in a dose-dependent way (D2 vs. D1 group, p < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Dex can inhibit the activation of microglia and NLRP3 inflammasome in the hippocampus of rats after operation, and the synthesis and secretion of IL-1β are also reduced in a dose-dependent manner by using Dex. Hence, Dex can alleviate inflammation activation on the central nervous system induced by surgical injury.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Dexmedetomidine , Pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Hippocampus , Metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Inflammasomes , Metabolism , Inflammation Mediators , Metabolism , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Interleukin-1beta , Metabolism , Laparotomy , Microglia , Metabolism , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients undergoing spinal surgery. Methods From October 2017 to October 2018, 96 patients, who underwent multi-segment, thoracolumbar posterior bone graft fusion and internal fixation in the Spinal Surgery Department of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups (24 each): control group (flushing incision with normal saline), intravenous drip group (intravenous drip of 1% TXA injection), 0.5% TXA group (0.5% TXA injection applied on the incision) and 1% TXA group (1% TXA injection applied on the incision). The incision drainage of each group was measured on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after operation, the five indicators of coagulation [activated partial prothrombin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB), and International standardized ratio (INR)] were measured before operation and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after operation. The level of D-dimer (D-D) was determined by immunoturbidimetry. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were detected by ELISA. The maximum thrombus amplitude (MA), reaction time (R), coagulation time (K), coagulation angle (Angle) and fibrinolytic activity value (LY30) were measured by the thrombus elastic diagram (TEG). Finally, double lower limb B-ultrasonography was performed 1 day before discharge. B-ultrasound examination of lower extremities was performed one day before discharge. Results On the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after surgery, the drainage volume was less in intravenous drip group, 0.5% TXA group and 1% TXA group than in the control group in the same period (P0.05). On the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after surgery, the D-D level was lower in intravenous drip group, 0.5% TXA group and 1% TXA group than in the control group (P0.05). On the first day after surgery, MA was higher in intravenous drip group, 0.5% TXA group and 1% TXA group than in the control group (P0.05). No significant difference existed in R, K, Angle and LY30 among the 4 groups and within the same group between different time points (P>0.05). B-ultrasound showed no deep venous thrombosis in both lower limbs one day before discharge. Conclusion Local application of TXA with same dosage in spinal surgery may play a better antifibrinolytic and hemostatic effect than intravenous application of TXA.
ABSTRACT
@# Objective: To explore the effects of noscapine (Nos) on the expression of cadherin 17 (CDH17) in colon cancer SW480 cells and the mechanism of Nos on cell migration. Methods: SW480 cells were divided into the control group, empty vector (si-EV) group, CDH17 interference (si-CDH17) group, Nos treatment group, and CDH17 interference+Nos treatment (si-CDH17+Nos) group. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown CDH17, and the selected concentration of Nos was (55.30±2.21) µg/ml (IC50). The mRNA expression of CDH17 was detected by qPCR; the apoptosis and migration abilities of SW480 cells were observed by Hoechst33258 staining and Transwell assay; the contents of VEGF, MMP2 and MMP9 in SW480 cells were measured by ELISA, and the protein expressions of CDH17, Wnt3a and β-catenin were determined by WB. Results: Compared with the control group, mRNA and protein expressions of CDH17 obviously decreased, cell apoptosis and migration significantly reduced, while the contents of VEGF, MMP2 and MMP9 as well as the protein expressions of Wnt3a and β-catenin significantly decreased in Nos treatment group, siCDH17 group and si-CDH17+Nos treatment group (all P<0.01).The effect of si-CDH17+Nos treatment was more significant than that of si-CDH17 (P<0.01). Conclusion: Nos induces apoptosis and inhibits the migration of human colon cancer SW480 cells, which may be related to the down-regulation of CDH17 expression and inhibition of the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Ba-pulling and Qian-traction manipulation with neck suspension and movement for acute cervical radiculopathy. Methods: A total of 85 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into an observation group and a control group by random numbers, with 43 cases in the observation group and 42 cases in the control group. The observation group was treated with Ba-pulling and Qian-traction manipulation with neck suspension and movement;while the control group was treated with Bashen-pulling and stretching manipulation in a supine position. The treatment was performed once a day, 10 times as a treatment course. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after 1 treatment course, and the changes in the scores of visual analog scale (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI) were observed. Results: The total effective rate was 97.7% in the observation group, and 83.3% in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05). After treatment, the VAS and NDI scores of both groups were significantly decreased (both P＜0.01), and the differences in the VAS and NDI scores between the two groups were statistically significant (both P＜0.01). Conclusion: Both Ba-pulling and Qian-traction manipulation with neck suspension and movement and Bashen-pulling and stretching manipulation in a supine position can relieve pain and improve cervical function in patients with acute cervical radiculopathy, and Ba-pulling and Qian-traction manipulation with neck suspension and movement can produce more significant efficacy than Bashen-pulling and stretching manipulation in a supine position.
ABSTRACT
For the past several decades, the infectious disease profile in China has been shifting with rapid developments in social and economic aspects, environment, quality of food, water, housing, and public health infrastructure. Notably, 5 notifiable infectious diseases have been almost eradicated, and the incidence of 18 additional notifiable infectious diseases has been significantly reduced. Unexpectedly, the incidence of over 10 notifiable infectious diseases, including HIV, brucellosis, syphilis, and dengue fever, has been increasing. Nevertheless, frequent infectious disease outbreaks/events have been reported almost every year, and imported infectious diseases have increased since 2015. New pathogens and over 100 new genotypes or serotypes of known pathogens have been identified. Some infectious diseases seem to be exacerbated by various factors, including rapid urbanization, large numbers of migrant workers, changes in climate, ecology, and policies, such as returning farmland to forests. This review summarizes the current experiences and lessons from China in managing emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially the effects of ecology, climate, and behavior, which should have merits in helping other countries to control and prevent infectious diseases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Behavior , China , Epidemiology , Climate , Communicable Diseases , Classification , Epidemiology , Communicable Diseases, Emerging , Epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Ecology , Forecasting , IncidenceABSTRACT
Jasmonates, as a plant endogenous hormone, can induce the biosynthesis of terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids and other medicinal active ingredients, and play an important role in the plant secondary metabolic process. The tanscription factors can activate the expression of multiple genes in the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites by binding the cis-elements of the target genes. Then, it effectively activates or inhibits the activities of the enzymes on the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, further regulate specific biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites. Here, We review recent major progresses regarding the regulation of secondary metabolites by JAs-responsive transcription factors (TFs) (including AP2/ERFs, bHLH, MYB and WRKY). That provides suggestions for further analysis of jasmonic acid signaling pathway and regulation of secondary metabolism, and explores the potential value of transcription factor in improving the medicinal active ingredients.
ABSTRACT
1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) is the second rate-limiting enzyme of terpenoid biosynthesis in the methylerythritol-4-phosphate pathway. According to the transcriptome database of Cinnamomum camphora, the DXR cDNA was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) from C. camphora, and was named CcDXR1 (GenBank number:KU886266). The ORF of CcDXR1 is composed of 1 413 bp, and it encodes 470 amino acids. The bioinformatics analysis suggests that the molecular weight of the encoded protein is 51.1 kD and the theoretically isoelectric point is 6.62, and there is no signal peptide and transmembrane structure in putative protein. The analysis of sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree showed that the CcDXR1 belonged to the DXR family. The results of the realtime PCR indicated that expression level of CcDXR1 in mature leaves was higher than tender leaves, which in roots was similar to leaves and the lowest in branches. The camphor is divided into five chemotypes, according to the main chemical compounds in C. camphora. It also showed that the expression level of CcDXR1 in borneol C. camphora was highest than that in cineol, iso-nerolidol, camphor and linalool. Our results revealed that the expression level of CcDXR1 exhibits diversity among plant tissues, growth periods and five chemical types, and the research provides foundation for further study of the terpenoids biosynthetic pathway in C. camphora.
ABSTRACT
Jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (JMT), a key enzyme for jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis, catalyzes the methylation of JA to form MeJA. To characterize the function of JMT, a plasmid pGEX-4T-SmJMT1 harboring JMT1 (SmJMT1) gene from Salvia miltiorrhiza was successfully transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) for protein expression. The recombination SmJMT1 was separated using SDS-PAGE and the size of expressed SmJMT1 protein was consistent with the prediction. The bacterial growth conditions were determined for optimal expression, which include growth temperature, incubation time, IPTG concentrations and culture density. The optimal growth conditions for SmJMT1 were that the bacterial cultures were grown to an A600 of 0.8, and induced with IPTG at a final concentration of 0.4 mmol·L-1, and then incubated for 8 h at 20℃. The expression of SmJMT1 in E.coli was confirmed by Western blotting, and mass spectrometry analysis of methyltransferase family. The successful expression and purification of JMT in this study provide the basis for more study of JA biosynthetic pathway and JA-regulated secondary metabolism of medicinal plants.
ABSTRACT
Herbarium specimens are the basis for the plant classification and indispensable media in teaching, scientific research and resources investigation. They have also played an important role in identifying and producing traditional Chinese medicine. High-quality herbarium specimens shall meet high requirements for integrity, smoothness, color and fabricating efficiency. Therefore, we designed a rapid setting and drying device for herbarium specimens, which could make the herbarium specimens smooth, colorful and not easy to mildew. In this paper, we pointed out the deficiency of traditional methods in making herbarium specimens, and introduced the structure and working principle of the device. Besides, we also discussed the effect of the device in setting and drying herbarium specimens and its application in the fourth national survey of the Chinese material medica resources (CMMR) in Anhui province. As a result, the device provides new ideas for producing herbarium specimens, with a reasonable design, good uniformity, high efficiency, safety and portability, and so is worthy of promotion and application in the national survey of CMMR.
ABSTRACT
The 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase was the fourth key enzymes in plant terpenoid biosynthesis pathway of methyl erythritol phosphate pathway(MEP). According to the study of Cinnamomum camphora transcriptome data,we abtained the 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase gene using RT-PCR,and named CcCMK1,then deposited it in GeneBank(Accession number： Ku376098).Bioinformatics analysis showed the open reading frame (ORF) of the CcCMK1 was 1 212 bp.The putative protein encoded 403 amino acids,and its molecular weight was 44.46 kDa and theoretically isoelectric point was 4.99.Transmembrane structure analysis showed that there was no transmembrane structure. Signal peptide analysis showed that it was a non secretory protein, and there was no signal peptide. The subcellular localization showed that the chloroplast was located in the chloroplast.Analysis of the expression of CcCMK1 gene in five chemotypes of C. camphora using Real-time PCR showed its expression level was highest in C. longepaniculatum, and the lowest in Borneol camphor.This research provided a basis for characterizing the key enzyme genes of terpenoid biosynthetic pathway in C. camphora.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical effects of AO distal humerus plate (DHP) for the treatment of distal humeral fractures in elderly osteoporotic patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 2008 to January 2010, 18 elderly osteoporotic patients with distal humeral fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with DHP. There were 3 males and 15 females, ranging in age from 62 to 83 years (averaged, 71.4 years). According to AO classification, 1 patient was Type A2, 3 patients were Type A3; 2 patients were Type B1, 2 patients were Type B2; 3 patients were Type C1, 4 patients were Type C2, 3 patients were Type C3. The surgical approaches were either bilateral or via olecranon process of ulna. Early mobilization was initiated after surgery. Functional results were evaluated according to the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average duration of follow-up was 14.6 months (ranged from 11 to 24 months). All the patients had a complete healing of their fractures. There was no infection, hardware failure or loss of reduction after the operations. The average Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) was (92.2 +/- 9.6) (65 to 100 points), among which the score of pain was (42.5 +/- 5.8) (30 to 45 points), the score of motion range was (19.2 +/- 1.9) (15 to 20 points), the score of stability was (9.2 +/- 1.9) (5 to 10 points), and the score of function was (21.4 +/- 2.9) (15 to 25 points). According to MEPS, 11 patients got excellent results, 5 good and 2 fair.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treatment of distal humeral fractures in elderly osteoporotic patients with AO distal humeral plates can obtain immediate stabilization which facilitates early mobilization of the elbow.</p>